DUKW (called a Duck)

A DUKW (duck) is a 2 1/2 ton amphibious truck that was used in W.W.II. With out the DUKW ships would have to unload their cargo into smaller boats. These boats would need to have their cargo unloaded at the shoreline and then loaded into trucks which would bring the cargo to its destination point on land. With the DUKW, ships could now load its cargo at sea and the DUKW could just drive to the destination point on land. This was a much more efficient way of moving supplies, after all helicopters did not exist at that time.

The DUKW is capable of carrying a 2 1/2 ton payload over land or water. It is equipped with a GMC 270 cubic inch 6 cylinder gasoline engine. It has a 5 speed transmission with a 2 speed transfer case. This gives a total of 10 forward speeds and 2 in reverse. It has 6 wheel drive, a water propeller and a 10 ton winch. All or any of these can be run separately or together in any combination. Top speed on land is 50 to 55 mph while on the water top speed is only 6 mph (land miles per hour not knots). It also has a tire inflation system with a 2 cylinder air compressor and air storage tank. This allows the driver to inflate or deflate any one or all six tires at the same time from the dashboard. The dashboard also has a tire pressure gauge so that air pressure can be monitored. The front brake lines are protected in steel conduit with barbed wire cutters on the outside. The DUKW weighs 7 1/2 tons empty and is 31 feet long. DUKWs were manufactured from 1942 to 1945 by General Motors Corporation.

      D=First year of production code "D" is for 1942
      U=Body style "U" utility truck (amphibious)
      K=Front wheel drive. GMC still uses that on trucks today (K5 Chevy Blazer)
      W=Two rear driving wheels (tandem axle)

LARC

The LARC landing craft replaced the World War 2 DUKW. The only suspension on the LARC comes from the large balloon tyres which greatly simplifies the job of getting the drive through the hull to the wheels. The engine is mounted in the rear and drives all four wheels and a large propeller.

The Australian Army began using LARCs in 1964 for military and flood-relief operations. They have also been used at the Australian Antarctic bases for ship to shore transport.

A simple hull was wrapped around the Jeep chassis. A propeller is driven from the transfer-case power take off unit. 

The Seep's intended use was to ferry soldiers to and from ships off-shore, to trundle up the beach and continue inland. They were not very successful. It had been planned to build 12,000 of them (Clayton '82) but only 5,000 were produced (Carlin '89), all by Ford. It is reported that many of the Jeeps that were used in battle sank if there were any significant waves at all. Nevertheless, a highly modified amphibious Jeep called `Half-Safe' crossed the Atlantic ocean in 1950 and continued on to circle the world - L. Allison

Ford GPA Specifications

Amphibious, 2+2 seats, no doors, safety life jackets?

Loa 15' 2", width 64" weight 3650lbs (unladen!)

2199cc petrol, 4 cyls, 2 valves/cyl side-valve

power 60bhp at 3600rpm

Transmission 3 speed, 2 speed transfer case part-time 4WD, propeller driven from PTO

Suspension live-axle-leaf/ live-axle-leaf, brakes drum/drum

Tyres 6.00x16, fuel tank 12 gallons

Half Safe (another mad Aussie?)

Frederick Benjamin (Ben) Carlin (1912-1981) was born in Northam, Western Australia. He had seen amphibious Jeeps in India during the war and decided that one could drive, and swim, around the world. After the war he fetched up in America and determined to buy a Jeep and to make such a trip. He also married Elinore, an American, who despite being highly susceptible to sea-sickness set out with him.

They had considerable trouble in obtaining an amphibious Jeep, a 1942 Ford GPA number 1239, and in making it serviceable, or at least `Half Safe'. A more boat-like bow was added, as well as a cabin, and an under-belly fuel tank that could be jettisoned when empty. Standard Jeeps were open and many of them had sunk but the addition of a cabin kept the water out and made up for the low freeboard.

The first leg of the world trip was the crossing of the Atlantic, leaving from Halifax, Nova Scotia. The initial attempt, in 1949, ended ignominiously with rescue after a propeller-shaft bearing failed; an amphibious Jeep has a real propeller-shaft of course. The second attempt, leaving in July 1950, was successful although full of interest and incident as recounted in Ben Carlin's first book. They stopped en-route at the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Isles before landing at Cape Juby in Morocco.

The book leaves the Jeep in England and in need of much work. The effects of corrosion had to be repaired and the superstructure was improved. The book must have provided much needed finance because the rest of the trip was completed not in luxury but with fewer worries about money.

The Carlins and the Jeep made the crossing to France on 22 April 1955. Their route took them through Europe, Iraq, Persia, Pakistan and India.

They shipped the Jeep from Calcutta to Perth so that they could tour Australia, including a visit to Guildford Grammar, Ben Carlin's old school. The Jeep was then returned to Calcutta so that it could resume the circumnavigation on its own wheels and hull. Elinore returned to the US at this point and Ben Carlin continued with various adventurers.

The Jeep sailed to Burma and drove overland to Thailand Cambodia and Vietnam. It then sailed to Japan via Hong Kong, Taiwan and Okinawa. Leaving Japan, it set out on the last long ocean leg - to the Aleutian Islands (7 July 1957) and Alaska. On 13 May 1958 the Jeep finally drove into Montreal where the project had started. It had covered "9,600 nautical miles by water and 39,000 miles overland" by Carlin's reckoning. The book of the second half of the trip was not published until 1989 after Carlin's death in 1981.

Half Safe now resides at Guildford Grammar school. The Jeep has been restored and is on-show in a special glass-walled garage where visitors can look and wonder - L. Allison

http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/4/Ford/GPA/